Showing posts with label World Bank. Show all posts
Showing posts with label World Bank. Show all posts

Friday, April 26, 2019

One Quarter into 2019 - Anything New to Report?

Readers here know that we have been reporting for some time that unless we see some kind of new major financial crisis, we don't expect to see any major monetary system reform in the near future. For this reason, we have somewhat moved into monitoring mode here and only try to produce a few articles a month when we see something that might be worthwhile for readers.


So, now that we are one quarter of the way into 2019, is there anything new to report?


Mostly no, but perhaps a few tidbits that might be of some interest based on a variety of input sources. Below are a few bullet point items.

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- the political environment (which can impact change) seems pretty status quo. The country remains very divided and there are no signs that is likely to change any time soon. So long as President Trump remains in office, we can expect that without some kind of major economic problem, he will most likely continue along the same path without any major changes to the monetary system. 

- Modern Monetary Theory has become a hot topic lately, but more in the political arena than in actual policy making circles thus far. Without a major shift in political power, it seems unlikely that MMT will gain much traction with actual policy makers. It does appear likely that MMT will become part of the political debate heading into the 2020 election cycle. We won't cover it much here unless it gains more political traction since we try to focus on what actually happens.

- Central banks continue to study and talk about the idea of introducing central bank digital currencies, but again we have not seen much change in that direction so far. (as noted in the recent update from Agustin Carstens from the BIS). The IMF and World Bank did announce a project to explore the potential of blockchain technology.

From time to time I do hear from a variety of experts who do discuss various ideas and proposals for monetary system change. I can report that there is lot of interesting discussion that does go on related to this. Some of the issues I have seen discussed include:

- what rules should the monetary system follow?
- what is the best anchor for a currency to provide long term price stability?
- has the Fed monetary policy since the 2008 crisis been the appropriate response?
- was the initial Fed emergency response appropriate, but then carried too far later on?
- is modern monetary theory (MMT) an upcoming force for monetary system change?
- is there any real threat to the role of the US dollar as the global reserve currency?
- are Russia and China working on building a system to bypass the US dollar and the SWIFT system?
- is there any will inside the Trump Administration to propose significant monetary system reform?

One of the main goals of this blog has been to try and document a variety of ideas and proposals related to some of the questions raised above. Readers can find that here on this permanent page of the blog.

Other note: In May 2019 there will be panel discussion held in Fort Worth,Texas which will address the question of whether a free society should have a central bank, and if so, what monetary policies should it follow to be most consistent with liberty? (see 8 am panel discussion on Monday May 20th). 

The participants in this panel discussion include Warren Coats, Scott Sumner, John B. Taylor, and Lawrence H. White (not me, the Lawrence White from George Mason University). The panel discussion is part of a multi day conference co sponsored by the SMU/Cox O'Neil Center for Global Markets and Freedom and the Texas Tech University Free Market Institute.

This is obviously a great panel and the topic looks interesting in terms of what we follow here. Eliminating the Federal Reserve or significant changes to the rules it must follow would constitute the kind of monetary system change we watch for.

So, if I can find a way to obtain the contents of the panel discussion (video or text of the papers presented), I will try to cover that here for readers. Meanwhile, in May we will have two interviews upcoming that should be of interest to readers. One with Warren Coats and one with Jim Rickards.

Wednesday, April 24, 2019

News Note: IMF & World Bank Announce Exploration of Blockchain Technology

While it appears that there is little mass movement towards central bank digitial currencies at this time, we do have some recent news articles related to an announcement by the IMF and The World Bank that they will explore blockchain technology in what Jim Rickards tells me is a "prototype" project that he has talked about in recent articles and interviews.



This appears to be an early stage project that will not focus on creating a monetary currency for now. Below are links to a couple of news articles on this project and some excerpts from each article.

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Cointelegraph.com 

"The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank have jointly launched a private blockchain and a so-dubbed quasi-cryptocurrency, the Financial Times (FT) reports on April 12.

According to the newspaper, the asset called “Learning Coin” will be accessible only within the IMF and World Bank. The coin has no money value and thus is not a real cryptocurrency, the FT underlines."




Blockonomi.com

"A recent report by the Financial Times has revealed that the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have collaborated to launch a private blockchain network, which will enable “explorations and experimentations” into Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT).

In addition to that, both institutions have reportedly created a digital asset, dubbed the “Learning Coin,” based on their joint blockchain network.

The report claims that the Learning Coin was created as a tool to aid the institutions in their effort to better understand blockchain technology, including its function as an underlying technology for crypto assets."

                                                   Click here to read the full article in Blockonomi

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My added comments: Readers may ask if this news indicates that we should expect to see some kind of new global cryptocurrency from the IMF as a result of this project (an e-SDR for example). It's too early to know if anything like that might emerge from this project. This news makes it clear that the IMF does have interest in exploring blockchain technology and is obviously willing to commit time and resources to this project. For now, the project is not described as testing a new type of monetary currency, but rather testing blockchain technology in general as it may apply to a variety of potential uses.  

The quote below from the first article linked above makes it clear that there is still much debate ongoing as to whether or not blockchain technology will bring about significant change inside the system any time soon:

"Meanwhile, a World Bank official expressed a more skeptical point of view. According to Aanchal Anand, a Land Administration Specialist in the bank’s Global Land and Geospatial Unit, there is too much hype over blockchain, which causes unrealistic expectations."  (see more World Bank comments here).

On the other hand, IMF Director Christine Lagarde has spoken more encouragingly about the potential for both blockchain and distributed ledgers. In this recent CNCB intervew, she said this:

“I think the role of the disruptors and anything that is using distributed ledger technology, whether you call it crypto, assets, currencies, or whatever ... that is clearly shaking the system,” she said.

My take on the above is that it is consistent with what we have reported here that there continue to be a variety of ongoing studies related to blockchain technology inside the present system at central banks. Now we see this also includes the IMF. However, at this time, it does not appear that the majority of these institutions has moved beyond initial studies into making a decision to actually deploy either central bank digital currencies or any kind of new potential global reserve cryptocurrency.  This is consistent with what Agustin Carstens stated in his recent speech on this topic that we covered here. So, this remains an area to monitor over time to see what actually happens.

The IMF did devote an entire panel discussion to Money and Payments in the Digital Age at the recent IMF spring meetings. Readers interested in viewing that discussion can do so just below (follow the link to view on Youtube).







Wednesday, September 27, 2017

China - Joint Press Release on Global Economic Issues

Recently, China issued this press release which is a summary of some recommendations on "promoting an open, invigorated, and inclusive World Economy". Below are a few key excerpts from the release.
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"China's Premier Li Keqiang, together with World Bank Group (WBG) President Jim Yong Kim, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director Christine Lagarde, World Trade Organization (WTO) Director-General Roberto Azevedo, International Labor Organization (ILO) Director-General Guy Ryder, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Secretary-General Angel Gurria and Financial Stability Board (FSB) Chairman Mark Carney held the "1+6" Roundtable Meeting under the theme of "Promoting an Open, Invigorated and Inclusive World Economy" in Beijing, September 12th 2017."

. . . . 

Economic Globalization

"Globalization has provided a strong momentum to world economic growth, promoted capital and commodity flows, advanced development of technology and civilization, and built a closer tie between people worldwide. Facing both challenges and opportunities, we need to guide the direction of economic globalization and make it more invigorated, inclusive, and sustainable. In order to release greater positive effects of economic globalization, all economies need to proactively advance economic reforms, innovate the growth model, and focus on inclusiveness of development, at the mean time, to strengthen international cooperation, avoid inward-looking policies, and fight against all kinds of protectionism, so as to promote an open world economy."

. . . . 

Trade and Investment

"Trade and investment are important engines for global economic growth. Promoting further liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment globally will help respond to the development challenges faced by all, and will contribute to achieving balanced and sustainable development. The rules-based multilateral trading system represented by WTO is an integral part of global economic governance, providing an institutional framework within which its members formulate multilateral trade rules, monitor trade policy implementation and resolve trade disputes. The multilateral trading system serves as the main channel for liberalization and facilitation of global trade and investment. Regional, bilateral and plurilateral trade agreements should complement rather than substitute the multilateral trading system. Efforts should be made to ensure that such agreements are open, transparent and inclusive."

. . . . 

Global Economic Governance

"We reiterate our commitment to a strong, quota-based, and adequately resourced IMF to preserve its role at the center of the Global Financial Safety Net. We support the work of the IMF to strengthen its cooperation with regional financing arrangements, and its ongoing work to further enhance the effectiveness of its lending toolkit. We look forward to the completion of the 15th General Review of IMF Quotas, including a new quota formula, by the Spring Meetings 2019 and no later than the Annual Meetings 2019. We welcome the establishment of the Joint China-IMF Capacity Development Center, and look forward to further cooperation in this area. We support the continued examination of the broader use of the SDR as a way to enhance the resilience of the international monetary system. We support the IMF's ongoing work on improving the analysis and monitoring of capital flows and the management of related risks, including the role of macro-prudential policy.

We reiterate our commitment to a strong WBG, adequately resourced to pursue its mission to eliminate extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity in partnership with others. In this context, we support the implementation of the WBG's shareholding review and look forward to its timely conclusion. Building on the strong shareholder confidence expressed via the record IDA18 replenishment, we also support capital increase at IBRD and IFC, aiming to enhance the financial capacities of the WBG's public and private sector arms. This will allow the WBG to better assist countries achieve their development goals, including by helping them to maximize development resources in a responsible way, and to promote global growth, stability and security.

We agreed that this meeting was productive and sends a positive signal of jointly addressing challenges, developing a more inclusive and mutually-beneficial economic globalization, and promoting an open world economy. We look forward to holding the next round table meeting at an appropriate time and place next year."
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My added comments:

We constantly see articles (like this one) that imply that China desires to replace the US dollar as the global reserve currency with the Yuan. However, whenever China releases an official statement like the one above, we don't see anything like that mentioned. Instead we always see these key points:

- support for the IMF and its role as a lender of last resort and global safety new
- support for a broader role for the SDR (not the Yuan) 
- support for resources for the World Bank and its programs

We know China is adding enormous amounts of gold to its reserves and also does want to see broader use of the Yuan as well globally. But, at least in public statements like this, China always points to the SDR as its preference as a potential US dollar replacement. Also, in this press release it is very clear that no plan to actually use the SDR to replace the US dollar exists right now as it talks about the IMF study in progress on the SDR going on for quite some time into the future. This is consistent with what we have reported here over and over and in line with what experts we view as high credibility sources have told us. 

Added notes: Here are a couple of related articles that talk about the possible Yuan-gold-oil linkage:

http://www.atimes.com/brics-gold-dollar-smashing-monetary-revolution/

https://www.globalresearch.ca/gold-oil-and-de-dollarization-russia-and-chinas-extensive-gold-reserves-china-yuan-oil-market/5608942